Bio-fertilizers are natural substances that enhance soil fertility and plant growth through the promotion of beneficial microorganisms. Unlike chemical fertilizers, which can deplete soil health over time, bio-fertilizers work by increasing the population of beneficial bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in the soil.

These organisms help in processes like nitrogen fixation, nutrient absorption, and organic matter decomposition, thereby improving soil structure and plant nutrition. By using bio-fertilizers, farmers and gardeners can cultivate crops in a more sustainable and environmentally friendly manner, reducing the need for synthetic chemicals and fostering a healthier ecosystem.